Ahh. The perils of not speaking up at the time….
I can’t give legal advice (I’m no longer working as a lawyer), so don’t take this as more than observations. Get a real lawyer if it matters and not some guy on a listserve of know-it-all snappers.
In the US normally short quotes from other sources are not deemed infringements under the doctrine of fair use. And reference to the writer normally is not only permissible but encouraged (and operates to further buttress the claim of fair use).
If it is a quote of a misquote, the publisher (and the writer) had no way to know that what you wrote was not quoted correctly in its source. So it did no wrong.
If the misquote is online as well as in the book, you might write the publisher and at least get it off the Web (where more people search these days). As for the book, you may be SOL because the publisher is hardly likely to pull the book where it did not wrong, unless the quote is so fundamental to its premise that it belies the whole thing.
In the US the burden of proof is almost always on the plaintiff (the one commencing the legal action), though it may shift as the action progesses.
But, again, if any of this really matters, talk to a real lawyer.